Precise water analysis is essential in ensuring pharmaceutical products’ performance, safety, and adherence to regulations. Karl Fischer (KF) titration is a widely used method for water content ...

A common method of quantifying the presence of an analyte in a sample is through titration, remaining relevant for centuries thanks to the simplicity and accuracy of the technique. However, there is ...

Each chemical reaction involves an enthalpy change that leads to a change in temperature. The amount of substance converted during the reaction determines the increase (i.e. exothermic reaction) or ...

Karl Fischer titration is based upon the original Bunsen reaction: which was later modified to the final equation: The reaction titrates the volume of KF reagent required to react the iodine until all ...