Understanding the flammability limits and combustion characteristics of fuel–air mixtures is pivotal for both industrial safety and the advancement of energy technologies. These limits define the ...

Flammable range is defined as the percent of vapor in air necessary for combustion to occur and is referred to as the explosive limit. It is expressed on a scale from 0 to 100%. Explosive limits ...

The study of flammability and combustion characteristics of refrigerants is critical in ensuring both safety and efficiency for industrial and environmental applications. This field encompasses an ...

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) surprised many earlier this year when it rejected a proposal to increase the charge limit for A3 refrigerants (e.g., propane) from 150 to 500 grams ...

Global regulations coming into effect in the coming years will require manufacturers to find alternative refrigerants to meet new limitations. These new limitations are determined based on a ...