When implementing cooling solutions for electronic equipment, system designers are confronted with a complex set of variables. The cooling requirements are typically dynamic, and ambient temperatures ...

Closed-loop control of stepping motors integrates feedback from position or current observers to achieve high precision, rapid response and robustness against load disturbances. Unlike traditional ...

In this article, as in industry, advanced process control (APC) refers primarily to multi-variable control. Multivariable control means adjusting multiple single-loop controllers in unison, to meet ...

After the discussion of open-loop control in Chapter 9, we will carefully discuss the closed-loop control in this chapter. Although all existing converters applied in industrial applications are ...