Bullae are markedly dilated (>1cm) air spaces within the lung parenchyma that are commonly secondary to COPD. It is believed that bullae arise from a ball-valve mechanism, wherein obstruction of a ...

In addition to traditional pharmacologic options for COPD, physicians can also consider other therapeutic and surgical options. Therapeutic options include oxygen therapies, pulmonary rehabilitation ...

While lung transplantation was initially used as a treatment for pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension, the indications have evolved such that emphysema is the most common diagnosis leading to ...