Cellular injury entails disruptions in a cell's structure or function triggered by factors such as physical trauma, chemical exposure, infectious agents, and oxidative stress. These alterations may ...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe renal disorder affecting approximately 10%–15% of hospitalized patients and up to 50% in intensive care units (ICUs). Its pathogenesis involves complex ...

Sepsis, a common complication following burns, trauma, and major surgery, remains the leading cause of death among critically ill patients. Globally, there are about 48.9 million sepsis patients and ...