Waves close wavesVibrations that transfer energy from place to place without the transference of matter. - including sound and light - can be reflected at the boundary between two different materials.

In an optical fiber, the maximum angle from the axis at which light can remain confined within the core for "total internal reflection." In contrast to the "acceptance angle," which is measured ...

At a specific angle of incidence, the refraction angle reaches 90°, which is the maximum refraction angle possible. At this particular point, known as the critical angle, the light beam travels ...

Raman scattering microscopy is a versatile tool for label-free imaging and molecular fingerprint analysis. Here, we provide the first demonstration that the selective collection of scattered signals ...