It has now been more than a quarter century since the United States, the European Union (EU), Japan and more than 100 other countries came together to conclude the Uruguay Round global trade agreement ...

In 1999, the columnist Thomas Friedman pronounced the Cold War geopolitical system dead. The world, he wrote, had “gone from a system built around walls to a system increasingly built around networks.

Dr. Zahra is a professor of history at the University of Chicago and has written extensively about globalization’s first collapse. April 5, 2025 Before World War I, globalization was at a high point.