Peer review, in its modern form, began to spread in the 18 th and 19 th centuries, becoming standard in the 20 th century.

With millions of scientific papers published annually, getting to grips with all the important studies in your field would be near impossible without review papers. By providing critical analysis and ...

In 2023, an academic journal, the Annals of Operations Research, retracted an entire special isssue because the peer review process for it was compromised. The case brought into sharp focus broader ...