The global oil trade is a complex and highly lucrative industry that relies on accurate analysis of crude oil samples. Ensuring the quality, origin, and authenticity of oil samples is crucial for ...

With the development of different techniques for the synthesis of nanomaterials, researchers are constantly looking for a more precise instrument for their nanoscale characterization. X-ray ...

For the rational design of new material compounds, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying their synthesis. Analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopy ...

XRD works by directing X-rays onto a crystalline material and analyzing the angles and intensities of the diffracted beams. The atomic planes within the crystal act as a three-dimensional grating, ...

X-Ray diffraction (XRD) is one of the most important non-destructive techniques to determine the 3-D structure of all kinds of matter: fluids, powders, and crystals. X-rays have high energy and short ...

Amorphous substances influence the durability, strength, and sustainability of concrete in cementitious products, and they are an essential aspect of cementitious materials. Supplementary cementitious ...

Test for echo: schematic diagram of an object to be imaged (blue blob) and illumination source (concentric circles) inside a randomly shaped cavity. The detector is represented by the two parallel ...