Using Bluetooth on a desktop computer is now such a seamless process; it’s something built-in and just works. Behind that ubiquity is a protocol layer called HCI, or Host Controller Interface… ...

The ubiquitous ESP32 microchip made by Chinese manufacturer Espressif and used by over 1 billion units as of 2023 contains undocumented commands that could be leveraged for attacks.

T he ESP32 is a fantastic little microcontroller with a world of possibilities. Its specifications may appear modest, but its capabilities enable it to power all kinds of devices.

At the heart of the device is an ESP32-P4 microcontroller that features a two 32-bit RISC-V CPU cores running at up to 400 MHz with a single low-power RISC-V MCU core that tops out at 40 MHz.