To understand how ornaments such as spines form, we must examine the forces produced during shell growth. The shell secretion process revolves around an interesting mechanical system.

Many microbes wear beautifully patterned crystalline shells, which protect them from a harsh world and can even help them reel in food. Studies at the Department of Energy's SLAC National ...

How a Virus Circumvents Energy Barriers to Form Symmetric Shells, Sanaz Panahandeh, Siyu Li, Laurent Marichal, Rafael Leite Rubim, Guillaume Tresset, Roya Zandi, ACS Nano 2020, March 2, 2020 https ...

Celebrate the first day of summer by learning how seashells form and what they can tell us Megan Kalomiris Not only is this regal murex seasnail shell stunning in appearance, but the stark ...

How shells are formed By Jamie Merrill *Molluscs form shells or exoskeletons by secreting calcium carbonate which forms a hardened coating.

How Did Turtles Get Their Shells? Oldest Known Turtle Fossil, 220 Million Years Old, Give Clues Date: November 27, 2008 Source: Field Museum Summary: Since the age of dinosaurs, turtles have ...