Background Anti-C1q autoantibodies can disrupt normal complement function, contributing to the formation of pathogenic immune ...
How ANOVA helps ensure process data lead to accurate, defensible decisions. The two-sample t-test determines if two population means are equal. Typical applications involve testing whether a new ...
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 1 in 10 people worldwide and can progress towards kidney failure, which is ...
Most teams set a single percentage threshold across the board that’s simple but flawed. A 5% swing in a volatile revenue account might mean nothing, while a 2% movement in an accrued liabilities could ...
Abstract: In this paper, the initial error affection and strategy modification in multi-population linear quadratic mean field games (MPLQMFGs) under erroneous ...