Saladin’s legend for chivalry isn’t just courtly spin—it’s in the chronicles. During the Third Crusade he and Richard I waged ferocious campaigns, yet traded gestures of courtesy that astonished onlookers. When Richard fell ill in 1191–92, Muslim and Frankish sources record that Saladin sent fresh fruit, cooling snow/ice for drinks, and fine horses to ease his rival’s recovery; he also offered medical help through his own physicians. On the field, he permitted safe passage for supply convoys car