Dr. Azeem Habeeb on Instagram: "Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is a blockage where the kidney joins the ureter. Because urine cannot drain properly, it collects inside the kidney and causes swelling (hydronephrosis). Patients may have flank pain, nausea, or recurrent urinary infections — and sometimes no symptoms at all. Ultrasound is usually the first test, and a renal scan confirms functional obstruction. Early diagnosis and treatment, often by pyeloplasty, can protect kidney functi

Laparoendoscopic single‐site pyeloplasty for recurrent pelvic–uretero junction obstruction, Surgical Practice | DeepDyve